FidelityConnects: Denise Chisholm: Sector watch – March 26, 2026
Denise Chisholm, Director of Quantitative Market Strategy, brings her unique insights and perspectives on the sectors to watch in global markets.
Transcript
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<b>Hello, and welcome to Fidelity Connects.</b>
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<b>I'm Pamela Ritchie. It's been another volatile week for</b>
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<b>equity markets with sentiment on edge amid heightened</b>
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<b>geopolitical tensions.</b>
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<b>Many are asking is this the start of something more serious?</b>
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<b>Our next guest says when fear is high markets have</b>
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<b>historically climbed higher.</b>
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<b>In a changing energy world those shifts may be</b>
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<b>less dampening and more supportive, actually, than they</b>
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<b>appear. Joining us here today to put all this into</b>
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<b>perspective and to highlight where she is seeing</b>
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<b>opportunities across sectors is Fidelity Director</b>
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<b>of Quantitative Market Strategy, Denise Chisholm.</b>
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<b>Hello, Denise. How are you?</b>
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<b>Hello, Pamela. I am well here in Boston.</b>
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<b>Duxbury.</b>
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<b>It's great to see you. We'll invite everyone to send their</b>
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<b>questions in for you over the next little bit.</b>
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<b>Let's unpack a little bit what's in the intro there,</b>
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<b>the discussion of even though there's fear, having</b>
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<b>oil prices spike, we're seeing it, we all know why, why</b>
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<b>can the market sort of climb higher than the fear itself?</b>
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<b>How, ultimately, historically does that work?</b>
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<b>I think there are a bunch of different ways to tackle it</b>
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<b>because, obviously, we have something very different going</b>
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<b>on this time. That's the irony behind any historical</b>
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<b>analysis, it's always different.</b>
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<b>We have to be careful as investors what we think we know</b>
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<b>about what outcomes mean.</b>
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<b>The knee-jerk reaction is if there's any stress, if there's</b>
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<b>any geopolitical risk, if there's a risk to the overall</b>
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<b>economy, then therefore equity markets are</b>
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<b>at risk as well, which is always true in their</b>
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<b>own nature, which is not to say that corrections and</b>
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<b>recessions don't happen, but studying history can help</b>
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<b>you understand how often that</b>
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<b>leads to a linear conclusion.</b>
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<b>When you study, especially, wars and conflicts going back to</b>
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<b>Pearl Harbour, even through Russia invading</b>
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<b>Ukraine, you actually find an odd situation.</b>
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<b>From the time that either the bombs start flying or</b>
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<b>the boots hit the ground for the next year</b>
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<b>equity returns on average are 8%.</b>
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<b>It goes up 70% of the time historically, which is</b>
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<b>basically in line with the average.</b>
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<b>I think you have data point number one as an investor, be</b>
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<b>careful what you think you know because the glaring</b>
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<b>data from history says that more often than</b>
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<b>not things like this don't affect long term equity</b>
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<b>market returns.</b>
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<b>It's so interesting, and does it depend, we hear from</b>
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<b>everyone it depends on how long it lasts for.</b>
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<b>Here we have the spike, the question is does it last</b>
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<b>for, I don't know what, two months, three months, how long,</b>
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<b>ultimately, until a longer term impact is</b>
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<b>unavoidable?</b>
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<b>That's the right question. The right sort of question</b>
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<b>back to me is, Denise, when you average all the conflicts</b>
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<b>together that doesn't include the ones that involve oil</b>
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<b>prices specifically. Look what happened in 1973 with</b>
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<b>the oil embargo. That very clearly led to a recession.</b>
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<b>Again, back to the let's go through what is</b>
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<b>quite different this time relative to the 70s, because I</b>
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<b>think we need to push back against the stagflationary</b>
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<b>expectations that I'm already hearing, and then let's talk</b>
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<b>about the duration and the math associated with what we have</b>
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<b>potentially going on.</b>
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<b>The first aspect is what's different than the '70s.</b>
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<b>In the '70s, the late '70s and early '80s, in the mid</b>
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<b>'70s, oil was a much bigger portion of our economy</b>
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<b>and the consumer's wallets.</b>
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<b>If you looked at everything consumers spent on energy, goods</b>
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<b>and services as a percentage of their overall income it</b>
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<b>was about 8%.</b>
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<b>Now we're down to 3.</b>
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<b>That is how efficient our</b>
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<b>economy has become in terms of how</b>
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<b>much oil needed for generating wage growth</b>
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<b>or generating economic growth.</b>
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<b>It's not to say that higher prices of the pump don't crimp</b>
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<b>real income growth but it is to say the throughput</b>
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<b>in terms of how it affects the consumer or the</b>
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<b>economy is very different than it was in the '70s.</b>
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<b>The supply situation is also different.</b>
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<b>At the time in the '70s OPEC was producing</b>
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<b>2X the OECD in terms of</b>
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<b>barrels of oil. Now it's actually on par and</b>
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<b>that's a product of US shales.</b>
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<b>Now for the first time in modern history the US</b>
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<b>is actually an exporter not a net importer.</b>
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<b>Which is all to say that, of course, this all matters</b>
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<b>but I think you have to understand that the context is very,</b>
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<b>very different in terms of the impact to the overall</b>
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<b>economy. In some ways we just saw this with Russia and</b>
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<b>Ukraine. We had one of the biggest supply shocks we ever</b>
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<b>saw. We did see the same kind of</b>
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<b>spike in oil prices and yet we didn't have a</b>
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<b>recession.</b>
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<b>Which explains part of the reason why the Brent price is</b>
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<b>skyrocketing in a different way than WTI because the</b>
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<b>international market is more exposed to this and more</b>
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<b>worried that, ultimately, they don't have a solution in the</b>
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<b>same way as perhaps the US and North American markets,</b>
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<b>ultimately, do.</b>
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<b>You've mentioned before that it sort of depends</b>
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<b>when an oil shock happens in an</b>
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<b>economic cycle. If it happens when everyone's able</b>
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<b>to make most of their bills and they're in an okay,</b>
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<b>comfortable spot it's just less dramatic</b>
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<b>to the overall consumer and to an economy and</b>
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<b>they can kind of bump their way through it.</b>
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<b>We're okay right now.</b>
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<b>The economy is okay.</b>
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<b>There are signs that you could make a bear case in a lot of</b>
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<b>different directions but does that have a lot to do with</b>
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<b>how, ultimately, we can sort of swallow this moment?</b>
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<b>It does. I think that's the exact right way to think about</b>
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<b>it. It's interesting when you look at the data.</b>
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<b>Forget the geopolitical risk which is more</b>
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<b>noise than signal, at least from a long term term</b>
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<b>perspective. Let's look at oil price spikes historically.</b>
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<b>We're up, let's call it 50% or more</b>
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<b>over the course of a two-month period.</b>
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<b>Let's screen all of history and say, well, when that has</b>
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<b>happened what has happened to consumption growth on a</b>
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<b>coincident basis, what's happened to corporate profits?</b>
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<b>You find something odd, which is to say that it hooks up</b>
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<b>because more often than not, which is, obviously,</b>
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<b>not to say every time, you see rises like that</b>
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<b>in an increasing demand environment.</b>
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<b>You saw it coming out of COVID, you saw it coming</b>
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<b>out of the financial crisis, and you saw it coming out of</b>
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<b>'99, right when oil prices were as low as</b>
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<b>$9. That is not our situation but what it shows</b>
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<b>you is you can't hold all else equal because, to</b>
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<b>your point, there are offsets.</b>
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<b>Think back to what happened last year.</b>
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<b>We talked about tariffs, how much are tariffs going to be,</b>
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<b>how much is going to land on the consumer?</b>
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<b>Is there an offset, is it going to be enough to be a tipping</b>
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<b>point for the consumer? At that time the offset was lower</b>
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<b>oil prices.</b>
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<b>We thought by estimate that tariffs</b>
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<b>might cost the US consumer $250 billion.</b>
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<b>Oil prices were likely to give the consumer $250</b>
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<b>billion because they were going down about 30% year-on-year.</b>
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<b>We are right now, if you try and do that math, completely</b>
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<b>flipped.</b>
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<b>It's almost like it was planned.</b>
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<b>Right. Tax rebates on an annualized basis, not just the</b>
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<b>rebates themselves that are incremental, whatever rebate,</b>
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<b>but the decline in withholdings on the tax cuts from last</b>
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<b>year, probably totaling something like 150 billion.</b>
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<b>You add in the reduction of tariffs, ironically</b>
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<b>while nobody's looking going from a 13% effective rate to</b>
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<b>right now it's like an 8% effective rate, potentially going</b>
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<b>lower, that's another 50 to 60 billion offsetting</b>
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<b>the drag from higher energy prices which, let's say, on an</b>
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<b>annual basis are totaling 150 billion right now.</b>
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<b>The question, and I didn't answer your original question and</b>
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<b>I should answer it, is, okay, well what's the level and</b>
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<b>what's the duration?</b>
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<b>From a duration perspective, let's tackle this same</b>
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<b>thing historically speaking, when do you see that</b>
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<b>typical demand destruction?</b>
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<b>Well, you see it usually when you hit 5%</b>
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<b>of your income. You say no mas, I don't have any other</b>
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<b>things to spend on anything else, this is hurting my real</b>
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<b>income enough that there is a tipping point.</b>
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<b>That, on a price basis for oil, is</b>
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<b>somewhere, depending on how it all filters through,</b>
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<b>between 135 and 150.</b>
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<b>It's higher than you think, perhaps, and it's higher</b>
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<b>than where we are now.</b>
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<b>That has to be sustained when you look through what's</b>
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<b>the filter through to inflation, which will</b>
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<b>create the crimp in real income, it's not</b>
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<b>a clear pass-through for anything that only lasts</b>
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<b>six months or under.</b>
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<b>Meaning, if the linear math is oil prices spike</b>
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<b>therefore inflation spikes therefore real incomes</b>
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<b>decline, and we can get to the Fed in a second, therefore</b>
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<b>that's the recession risk.</b>
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<b>If you look at oil price spikes from a magnitude perspective</b>
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<b>what you find is you have lower than 50/50 odds that</b>
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<b>core inflation reaccelerates.</b>
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<b>You can only get something above 50/50 odds</b>
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<b>if it lasts 9 to 12 months.</b>
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<b>That's not to say the odds are zero but it is to say</b>
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<b>that there is not an automatic pass- through,</b>
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<b>historically speaking.</b>
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<b>For instance, companies that are thinking about what they</b>
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<b>need to say in the next round of earnings conference calls,</b>
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<b>weeks away at this point, might not</b>
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<b>actually see it in anything that's going on with their</b>
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<b>company yet.</b>
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<b>A Fed cut or hike traditionally takes, what is it,</b>
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<b>18 months, a year to 18 months to show up, when</b>
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<b>does oil show up for companies?</b>
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<b>Yeah, the long lagged effects.</b>
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<b>I think in some ways very similar.</b>
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<b>If you do the math I think it's around 9 to 12 months.</b>
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<b>Again, this is my back of the envelope math that we need to</b>
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<b>try and figure out what the tipping points are, I think you</b>
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<b>need to see something like 135 to 150</b>
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<b>last 6 months, more than 6 months, probably</b>
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<b>last 9 to 12 months, to really see an</b>
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<b>overall impact that the market is fearful of.</b>
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<b>Otherwise, it could be just the same situation</b>
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<b>with tariffs that we sort of just end up</b>
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<b>absorbing and grinding through it.</b>
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<b>Which is not to say that we grind through it in a fantastic</b>
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<b>way to say that real GDP growth is going to</b>
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<b>be deterred by this as is real income growth, it is</b>
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<b>to say that maybe the cycle continues.</b>
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<b>Then you have to go back to, and this is also your original</b>
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<b>question, what is the market discounting?</b>
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<b>Okay, what is the market discounting, for sure, because it</b>
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<b>can discount an awful lot.</b>
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<b>Has it done it enough, I guess, is part of the question.</b>
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<b>If you're talking about short term indicators and being</b>
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<b>tactical and have we seen the low, I have no idea, probably</b>
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<b>not. Corrections, which I define as 10%</b>
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<b>in the S&P, more in the NASDAQ, happen most</b>
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<b>years.</b>
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<b>I don't won't to say that does not concern me but from an</b>
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<b>equity perspective that's what your base case should be</b>
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<b>going into any given year because it happens so frequently.</b>
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<b>We haven't even seen that yet so is it likely that we see</b>
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<b>it? Sure. Do I think it dilutes long</b>
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<b>term returns? Here is where my math is just</b>
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<b>different than most other people's math.</b>
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<b>I still see mathematical persistent fear</b>
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<b>in the equity markets.</b>
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<b>I still see a situation, and we can talk about private</b>
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<b>credit, and I don't think private credit is big enough to do</b>
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<b>anything relative to public credit, when you look at public</b>
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<b>credit we're not really seeing any stress.</b>
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<b>Lending has been good, now we're seeing bank</b>
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<b>loans picking up, we're seeing a liquid environment</b>
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<b>where long growth continues to grow.</b>
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<b>When you see this disconnect markets are</b>
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<b>more likely to climb the wall of worry.</b>
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<b>Think about when you go back COVID.</b>
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<b>In 2020 we saw COVID.</b>
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<b>2021 was a quiet year, we had a good year.</b>
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<b>2022 we saw Russia invade Ukraine and then the Federal</b>
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<b>Reserve hiked rates the most they ever had in</b>
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<b>history.</b>
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<b>Inflation resurged</b>
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<b>since we've seen in the '1970s.</b>
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<b>2023 we saw banks fail for</b>
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<b>the first time since the 1980s.</b>
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<b>2024 it was relatively light but there was the Japan carry</b>
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<b>trade. 2025 was the tariff tantrum.</b>
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<b>Now we have the conflict with Iran.</b>
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<b>All of those things, in some ways,</b>
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<b>carried existential risk, every single</b>
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<b>one we had which sparked a correction.</b>
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<b>That is really the problem with equity investing because the</b>
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<b>market can go up through a lot of things that</b>
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<b>we think are very existential, and, of course, there's no</b>
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<b>way you can get your arms around.</b>
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<b>The way I think about it mathematically is your biggest risk</b>
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<b>is that the market is discounting something that you don't</b>
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<b>understand and can go up through all</b>
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<b>of these existential crises.</b>
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<b>For me, that one indicator that I still gravitate to</b>
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<b>is the fear in the equity market relative to the fear in the</b>
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<b>credit market. We have not been higher now other</b>
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<b>than 2% of the time historically.</b>
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<b>We're as high as we were on my math as</b>
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<b>we were in the tariff tantrum.</b>
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<b>Now, the market hasn't even corrected yet, which is an</b>
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<b>odd starting point, which is not to say that the market</b>
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<b>won't correct but it is to say that this mathematically</b>
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<b>is a linear relationship.</b>
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<b>The more I see this the more I worry if</b>
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<b>I take my equity exposure down that all I</b>
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<b>do is dilute the potential returns, which is always the</b>
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<b>biggest risk. Equities overall return</b>
[00:13:25.320]
<b>8% on any given year, which is not to say they ever give</b>
[00:13:28.320]
<b>you 8%, they're either down 20 or up 20, down</b>
[00:13:31.600]
<b>20 25% of the time and up 20 75% of</b>
[00:13:34.640]
<b>the time but you have to ride through that roller coaster.</b>
[00:13:37.480]
<b>The reason why most clients don't actually achieve those</b>
[00:13:40.560]
<b>8% returns is because they're too busy selling when</b>
[00:13:43.800]
<b>things seem risky when the market has already discounted it,</b>
[00:13:46.440]
<b>and buying it when things seemed good which is usually when</b>
[00:13:49.280]
<b>the market gas discounted the good news too.</b>
[00:13:51.560]
<b>Clients get 2 to 3% returns by investing in</b>
[00:13:54.560]
<b>equities instead of the 8% returns because</b>
[00:13:57.960]
<b>everybody's too fearful of riding through the cycle.</b>
[00:14:01.000]
<b>So, I mean, and you mentioned this when you listed all the</b>
[00:14:03.640]
<b>different geopolitical issues over the course of sort of</b>
[00:14:05.880]
<b>four or five years that the market has sort of powered</b>
[00:14:08.920]
<b>its way through in its own way.</b>
[00:14:10.960]
<b>It's about what the market can digest on a slower</b>
[00:14:14.240]
<b>basis. That's why the spikes sometimes are a bank failure.</b>
[00:14:17.360]
<b>You're always waiting for sort of the ripple effects</b>
[00:14:19.160]
<b>everywhere. This feels different because</b>
[00:14:22.200]
<b>it really does have ripple effects.</b>
[00:14:24.000]
<b>I mean people in their everyday life are seeing it.</b>
[00:14:26.640]
<b>This seems to be the ripple effect story.</b>
[00:14:29.400]
<b>However...</b>
[00:14:31.600]
<b>The suggestion is it can be absorbed and the market is</b>
[00:14:34.480]
<b>already discounted for that and therefore you can kind of</b>
[00:14:37.240]
<b>stay in. And the structural overall theme, which we haven't</b>
[00:14:39.720]
<b>discussed, is AI is tech, essentially.</b>
[00:14:43.680]
<b>Right, does it go back to that?</b>
[00:14:45.360]
<b>Well, if oil is a little higher for longer, how can you</b>
[00:14:48.200]
<b>offset inflation, which is productivity, which is back to</b>
[00:14:51.400]
<b>AI? Now, when I look at technology, technology,</b>
[00:14:54.440]
<b>every time I think that there's other sectors that are more</b>
[00:14:56.760]
<b>interesting, technology hands me a reason.</b>
[00:14:59.400]
<b>To think that it's still leadership and you're in the bottom</b>
[00:15:02.320]
<b>third of the relative valuation when you look back to the</b>
[00:15:05.320]
<b>60s. We haven't seen relative valuation this low</b>
[00:15:08.520]
<b>in over a decade for the technology sector,</b>
[00:15:11.600]
<b>which is not to say that there aren't some real risks within</b>
[00:15:14.720]
<b>software and our company is going to be around in the form</b>
[00:15:17.080]
<b>that they are right now, but it is to say that at this</b>
[00:15:20.120]
<b>point, a lot of bad news is already discounted.</b>
[00:15:22.800]
<b>So if you think about from an odds of outperformance</b>
[00:15:25.400]
<b>perspective, you get over 70% odds of our performance,</b>
[00:15:28.480]
<b>even if the worst things that we're talking about</b>
[00:15:31.640]
<b>really come to fruition, which is companies worn,</b>
[00:15:34.760]
<b>profit revisions come down, operating margins</b>
[00:15:38.160]
<b>come off. All of those things that you're worried about</b>
[00:15:40.920]
<b>might end up happening, but it might already be in</b>
[00:15:44.080]
<b>the stocks. So you sort of philtre through the thesis</b>
[00:15:47.240]
<b>together, and there's a lot of what I see as</b>
[00:15:50.400]
<b>risk points to selling, right?</b>
[00:15:52.080]
<b>So there's risk points, to both, there's obviously always</b>
[00:15:54.720]
<b>downside risk that we are always thinking about, talking</b>
[00:15:57.040]
<b>about. There's always upside risk as well.</b>
[00:15:59.520]
<b>So, when you think about geopolitical conflict, first data</b>
[00:16:02.720]
<b>point says, well, be careful because usually it doesn't</b>
[00:16:04.960]
<b>impact long-term equity returns.</b>
[00:16:07.040]
<b>Data point number two is, woo, it's different this time from</b>
[00:16:09.440]
<b>an oil perspective. It's not nearly as stagflationary or as</b>
[00:16:12.440]
<b>linear as the 70s, so think about that from that</b>
[00:16:15.200]
<b>perspective. Three, you know, the market might be</b>
[00:16:17.560]
<b>discounting more than you think.</b>
[00:16:18.960]
<b>All of those layers, plus the fact that technology,</b>
[00:16:22.200]
<b>which is former leadership, is back to valuation support,</b>
[00:16:25.240]
<b>kind of lines up on a.</b>
[00:16:27.040]
<b>Just maybe be careful to react</b>
[00:16:30.040]
<b>too much to data points or headlines that</b>
[00:16:33.560]
<b>isn't supported with the overall historical data.</b>
[00:16:36.000]
<b>Is it possible then that the discussion</b>
[00:16:39.200]
<b>of like, you'll hear investors</b>
[00:16:42.400]
<b>say, well, we need to almost need to sell off more, although</b>
[00:16:45.440]
<b>the market has reacted and in some ways violently and</b>
[00:16:48.600]
<b>we've seen that in the VIX as it tells its own story, but</b>
[00:16:51.360]
<b>it's not where people start to talk about capitulation where</b>
[00:16:53.920]
<b>they really want to go shopping.</b>
[00:16:55.280]
<b>In terms of an investment perspective, we're putting the</b>
[00:16:58.360]
<b>geopolitics aside for a second here.</b>
[00:17:00.080]
<b>They're not sort of seeing those levels yet.</b>
[00:17:03.200]
<b>That's what you're hearing.</b>
[00:17:05.560]
<b>No, we definitely aren't. I mean there's a bunch of</b>
[00:17:07.520]
<b>different ways you can measure capitulation and in some ways</b>
[00:17:09.800]
<b>like the correction that I'm sort</b>
[00:17:12.920]
<b>of talking about can be achieved in two ways.</b>
[00:17:15.160]
<b>One, it can be very impulsive and you can get that</b>
[00:17:17.400]
<b>capitulation a la the terror of terror, right?</b>
[00:17:20.400]
<b>That was definitely- How many days-</b>
[00:17:21.520]
<b>How many days with that? That was like five, maybe four,</b>
[00:17:24.600]
<b>something like that, yeah.</b>
[00:17:25.080]
<b>Exactly. I think, yeah, it was 20% in like four or</b>
[00:17:28.200]
<b>five days.</b>
[00:17:29.560]
<b>Or you can have this like slow grind lower that</b>
[00:17:32.760]
<b>really never gets to something as punchy as 20%</b>
[00:17:36.560]
<b>but seems like, you know, you never quite get to 15 either,</b>
[00:17:40.200]
<b>right? So you get to 7 to 10 and it's just a grind it out.</b>
[00:17:43.920]
<b>For what could be a longer duration.</b>
[00:17:46.360]
<b>So it's short and capitulative, or it's sort of long and</b>
[00:17:49.480]
<b>grindy. Either way, I sort of step back and</b>
[00:17:52.480]
<b>say, where are we gonna be one year from here?</b>
[00:17:54.560]
<b>So I have no idea which path we will take in terms</b>
[00:17:57.760]
<b>of it being an impulsive decline that's capitulative or a</b>
[00:18:00.560]
<b>slow grinded out, which just seems like we never go up</b>
[00:18:02.960]
<b>either. But when you look sort of over the course of</b>
[00:18:06.120]
<b>a year, again, from the starting points.</b>
[00:18:08.360]
<b>You have historically, with only 2% of the time,</b>
[00:18:11.360]
<b>100% odds of a higher market with an average return of</b>
[00:18:14.320]
<b>something like 30%.</b>
[00:18:15.960]
<b>Which is not to say that that's my point of estimate of the</b>
[00:18:18.240]
<b>S&P 500, but it is to say that there is</b>
[00:18:21.560]
<b>upside risk here when you take a</b>
[00:18:24.640]
<b>long-term view.</b>
[00:18:26.440]
<b>So in the last Fed meeting, we</b>
[00:18:29.840]
<b>saw no movement.</b>
[00:18:31.280]
<b>There's lots of discussion around the Federal Reserve for</b>
[00:18:33.960]
<b>lots of different reasons.</b>
[00:18:36.000]
<b>With all of that said, the inflation story</b>
[00:18:39.120]
<b>leads everyone to say, oh my goodness, interest rates will</b>
[00:18:42.240]
<b>have to go up to combat inflation.</b>
[00:18:45.640]
<b>And I think we did see Stephen Mirren yesterday announce</b>
[00:18:49.080]
<b>that actually because of some inflation in the markets</b>
[00:18:52.240]
<b>and some data points that actually he and see.</b>
[00:18:54.760]
<b>Rates as low at the end of the year as he once did</b>
[00:18:57.840]
<b>and so on, so it's sort of feeding this inflation discussion</b>
[00:19:01.000]
<b>and what the hike story is.</b>
[00:19:04.080]
<b>With shocks like this, do you often see a Fed hike?</b>
[00:19:07.320]
<b>How are they connected or not connected?</b>
[00:19:10.560]
<b>Yeah, so second-order effects, right?</b>
[00:19:12.280]
<b>Great question. The interesting part, when you look</b>
[00:19:15.280]
<b>at the data, is the Fed talks a lot, right?</b>
[00:19:17.640]
<b>And I have no idea what this Fed will do and they can choose</b>
[00:19:20.240]
<b>to do anything they want. But the interesting thing is when</b>
[00:19:22.480]
<b>you look at data and you portion out, and if anybody wants</b>
[00:19:25.680]
<b>to use charts, you can find them on my LinkedIn.</b>
[00:19:27.440]
<b>Just go to charts of the week and you can subscribe to the</b>
[00:19:29.880]
<b>newsletter and then you can see the chart I'm talking about.</b>
[00:19:32.000]
<b>If you look the proportions of the time that crude went</b>
[00:19:35.000]
<b>up from 10, 20, above 20, above 30, above</b>
[00:19:38.000]
<b>50, all of that, you say, okay, the more crude oil</b>
[00:19:41.000]
<b>goes up, What is the likelihood over</b>
[00:19:44.240]
<b>the course of the next six months the Federal Reserve hikes</b>
[00:19:47.040]
<b>interest rates, or even coincident, and you will see a</b>
[00:19:49.680]
<b>steady decline over that six-month period?</b>
[00:19:52.560]
<b>Meaning that the bigger the inflexion in oil prices,</b>
[00:19:55.920]
<b>the less likely the Federal Reserves has been to hike.</b>
[00:19:59.280]
<b>And at the point where we are now, like that up 50 over the</b>
[00:20:02.200]
<b>two months, it's not zero, but</b>
[00:20:05.240]
<b>it's only 25%.</b>
[00:20:07.360]
<b>So most feds in history, which is not to say that this</b>
[00:20:10.520]
<b>fed has to think the same thing, but think of it the way I</b>
[00:20:13.760]
<b>think of, which is it's a tax hike on the consumer.</b>
[00:20:17.360]
<b>And much like we talked about tariffs, do some prices go up?</b>
[00:20:20.840]
<b>Absolutely. But if you don't dump a whole lot more</b>
[00:20:23.840]
<b>money on the customer, and we're not dumping money, we're</b>
[00:20:26.160]
<b>talking about offsets, then it's hard to get generalised</b>
[00:20:29.800]
<b>inflation in terms of all higher prices.</b>
[00:20:32.400]
<b>So if I need to spend more money on oil and gas, then I'm</b>
[00:20:34.960]
<b>going to spend less money on insert XYZ,</b>
[00:20:38.240]
<b>which means I have lower marginal propensity to consume,</b>
[00:20:41.200]
<b>they have lower and marginal propensity to price, and</b>
[00:20:44.440]
<b>therefore you don't see this generalised level of</b>
[00:20:47.760]
<b>inflation rise.</b>
[00:20:49.400]
<b>So historically speaking, to boil it down,</b>
[00:20:52.440]
<b>the Fed has usually looked through this.</b>
[00:20:55.320]
<b>I mean, in Canada, it's not the exact same discussion,</b>
[00:20:58.600]
<b>but the central bank has to answer all these questions as</b>
[00:21:01.200]
<b>well.</b>
[00:21:02.880]
<b>And it's very hard on parts of the economy to have a shock</b>
[00:21:05.680]
<b>like this, and the tariff shock is its own shock.</b>
[00:21:08.720]
<b>But, you know, net-net, we sell a lot of oil.</b>
[00:21:13.880]
<b>It works out at the very high GDP level</b>
[00:21:17.280]
<b>in the FDA.</b>
[00:21:19.480]
<b>No, that's the correct way to think of it, too, is because</b>
[00:21:22.080]
<b>when I did that offset math, it doesn't mean that every</b>
[00:21:25.080]
<b>income cohort or every income decile is benefiting.</b>
[00:21:28.080]
<b>In fact, it's not. I think most of the beneficiaries are</b>
[00:21:30.840]
<b>above the 50th percentile in terms of their income.</b>
[00:21:34.160]
<b>And this is, you know, higher oil prices, higher tariffs,</b>
[00:21:36.840]
<b>we're massively regressive.</b>
[00:21:38.400]
<b>And that is not offset by the tax rebates.</b>
[00:21:41.880]
<b>But in aggregate, when you look at the aggregation, which</b>
[00:21:45.040]
<b>is, I think, that how we wanna think about the aggregate</b>
[00:21:47.360]
<b>earnings and the aggregate stock.</b>
[00:21:49.680]
<b>There is sort of that mathematical offset that</b>
[00:21:52.920]
<b>you always need to be conscious of.</b>
[00:21:55.120]
<b>It's really interesting when we haven't spoken about the</b>
[00:21:58.280]
<b>consumer and sentiment, well, sentiment recently</b>
[00:22:01.440]
<b>due to oil and how that's hitting everyone.</b>
[00:22:03.800]
<b>But at one point, consumer discretionary, we're going to</b>
[00:22:06.880]
<b>talk about the Consumer Tomorrow with Annetta</b>
[00:22:10.280]
<b>Winnimco, one of your colleagues in the UK.</b>
[00:22:12.640]
<b>And one of the discussions I think she had mentioned that</b>
[00:22:15.360]
<b>she wants to talk about is that it's</b>
[00:22:18.400]
<b>sort of at trough levels. Like parts of that are at troughs,</b>
[00:22:20.760]
<b>so they're kind of interesting.</b>
[00:22:22.200]
<b>And I wanted to ask you with this.</b>
[00:22:24.680]
<b>Oil situation layered on top of it, does it push</b>
[00:22:27.800]
<b>you further into trough? How is the consumer, what is sort</b>
[00:22:30.520]
<b>of the sentiment story?</b>
[00:22:32.400]
<b>And maybe does it look interesting for you in the sectors</b>
[00:22:34.760]
<b>that you're looking at?</b>
[00:22:36.400]
<b>Yeah, I mean, I think it's interesting in terms of they're</b>
[00:22:39.000]
<b>miserable, but spending right, right, which is</b>
[00:22:42.720]
<b>Not something that you you usually see</b>
[00:22:45.960]
<b>historically, but although mathematically,</b>
[00:22:48.960]
<b>you know that it could relate like that Yeah,</b>
[00:22:51.960]
<b>in the sense that spending is correlated when sentiment</b>
[00:22:55.400]
<b>rises, but not necessarily when it falls Which means</b>
[00:22:58.440]
<b>that statistically you could be miserable spenders</b>
[00:23:01.480]
<b>historically speaking.</b>
[00:23:02.800]
<b>You just most are right now</b>
[00:23:05.880]
<b>So what matters most is not necessarily sentiment,</b>
[00:23:09.560]
<b>it is what will ultimately real incomes be.</b>
[00:23:12.840]
<b>What are those offsets?</b>
[00:23:14.400]
<b>And all of those trough indicators, to your point, are</b>
[00:23:17.440]
<b>usually Polish trough indicator, right?</b>
[00:23:19.600]
<b>For things like housing, for things like consumer</b>
[00:23:22.120]
<b>discretionary. So, you know, housing stocks have sold off a</b>
[00:23:25.240]
<b>lot on the pop and mortgage rates, which is the pop on</b>
[00:23:27.680]
<b>inflation fears when we price in the Federal</b>
[00:23:30.840]
<b>Reserve raising interest I'm not sure that's going to</b>
[00:23:33.880]
<b>come to fruition. You know, you couple that with the fact</b>
[00:23:36.640]
<b>that, like I said, home builders on a relative price-to-book</b>
[00:23:40.160]
<b>basis are still bottom decile, or certainly bottom quartile,</b>
[00:23:43.680]
<b>if not bottom decil, and you usually have a positive</b>
[00:23:46.520]
<b>risk-reward, which is not to say that we need to go up from</b>
[00:23:49.440]
<b>here, but it is to say, statistically, I think, downside</b>
[00:23:52.520]
<b>is limited, and if we're being shortsighted around</b>
[00:23:55.600]
<b>what the crimp and oil prices might be, I mean, one thing we</b>
[00:23:58.680]
<b>didn't talk about was be careful chasing, because supply</b>
[00:24:01.840]
<b>shocks tend to unwind.</b>
[00:24:03.880]
<b>Well, yeah, I was just going to say, before I ask you, go</b>
[00:24:06.440]
<b>ahead and take some water, before I ask about your top</b>
[00:24:09.600]
<b>three and bottom three sectors as they stand, you've</b>
[00:24:12.360]
<b>mentioned tech, but I did want to ask you about</b>
[00:24:15.440]
<b>that risk of</b>
[00:24:18.440]
<b>chasing, right? If you want to invest in oil and</b>
[00:24:21.480]
<b>thought, no, no it hasn't done anything for a long, long</b>
[00:24:24.200]
<b>time, there's probably a lot of people thinking, this is</b>
[00:24:26.240]
<b>where I want to put some money to work right now.</b>
[00:24:28.360]
<b>Just talk about that. And at this point, it spiked.</b>
[00:24:31.600]
<b>Now what?</b>
[00:24:33.200]
<b>Yes, I mean, in some ways, but I guess be careful about what</b>
[00:24:35.880]
<b>I say since energy was, you know, my bottom three sectors</b>
[00:24:38.560]
<b>coming into this year, and that was clearly wrong.</b>
[00:24:41.440]
<b>The question is, okay, you know we're wrong a lot, right, I</b>
[00:24:43.840]
<b>think you know that the best people in the business are</b>
[00:24:46.080]
<b>right, what do they say, 52% of the time.</b>
[00:24:47.880]
<b>We didn't see this coming. Yeah, we're trying for more than</b>
[00:24:49.520]
<b>that.</b>
[00:24:51.080]
<b>But the question is, okay, what do you do now?</b>
[00:24:53.440]
<b>So if you think about this as a supply shock and you say,</b>
[00:24:56.640]
<b>okay, if we think, you know, 50% over the course of two</b>
[00:24:59.600]
<b>months, that's the supply shock, how do we usually end</b>
[00:25:02.640]
<b>up the next year?</b>
[00:25:05.080]
<b>We usually end with lower oil prices, not higher oil prices.</b>
[00:25:08.640]
<b>And with underperformance of energy stocks, not</b>
[00:25:11.360]
<b>outperformance of the energy stocks.</b>
[00:25:12.960]
<b>Which is not to say I know the path, right?</b>
[00:25:15.080]
<b>Which is to say that oil has peaked or energy stocks have</b>
[00:25:17.840]
<b>peaked. But energy stocks will peak on a relative basis</b>
[00:25:20.640]
<b>before oil peaks on a relevant basis.</b>
[00:25:23.160]
<b>So be conscious of that.</b>
[00:25:25.760]
<b>So I see a real high whipsaw risk when</b>
[00:25:29.320]
<b>you look at supply shocks, because ultimately, when you take</b>
[00:25:31.800]
<b>a longer term view of a year long, we saw this when</b>
[00:25:35.120]
<b>Russia invaded Ukraine, we saw the same situation, oil</b>
[00:25:37.720]
<b>prices ended up lower, because ultimately unless</b>
[00:25:41.200]
<b>you're in this 70s regime, which I do not think we are,</b>
[00:25:44.480]
<b>there can be no pass through.</b>
[00:25:46.080]
<b>And higher prices end up curing higher prices.</b>
[00:25:49.800]
<b>I mean, it's so interesting because the whipsaw, there was</b>
[00:25:52.880]
<b>some discussion that you were going to talk about this and</b>
[00:25:55.120]
<b>you are talking about this, but that there indeed could</b>
[00:25:58.320]
<b>even be a rush for the door if you see oil</b>
[00:26:01.600]
<b>prices sort of, and I mean I guess that is the whipsaws,</b>
[00:26:04.040]
<b>isn't it? Like there's a rush to get in when you see them</b>
[00:26:06.040]
<b>going higher and then a rush to get out.</b>
[00:26:09.200]
<b>But there's dangers within that.</b>
[00:26:11.760]
<b>So stay the course, is that sort of the stay</b>
[00:26:15.080]
<b>the chorus?</b>
[00:26:16.520]
<b>Yes, and in some ways that is what I come back to</b>
[00:26:19.520]
<b>a lot, which is to say that the only ones who get hurt on</b>
[00:26:22.600]
<b>the roller coaster are the jumpers.</b>
[00:26:24.840]
<b>So, yeah, I think it's very difficult to sort of chase oil</b>
[00:26:27.880]
<b>here, unless you know something that I do not know, which is</b>
[00:26:31.040]
<b>exactly how this all ends.</b>
[00:26:32.640]
<b>And I will not say that I know that.</b>
[00:26:34.840]
<b>I will now play geopolitical strategist on TV.</b>
[00:26:37.400]
<b>Yeah.</b>
[00:26:39.280]
<b>Tell us a little bit about, so tell us the top three, bottom</b>
[00:26:42.120]
<b>three, you mentioned tech, I think that's at the top.</b>
[00:26:45.000]
<b>Yeah, so tech at the top, probably.</b>
[00:26:47.840]
<b>I would say right close next to it is</b>
[00:26:50.880]
<b>industrials, which we have talked about, because I</b>
[00:26:54.120]
<b>do not think that this dissuades the manufacturing recovery</b>
[00:26:57.160]
<b>that we have started to see inflect, which is coincident</b>
[00:27:00.160]
<b>with median earnings, right?</b>
[00:27:01.600]
<b>So at the level oil prices are now, again,</b>
[00:27:04.920]
<b>we're not seeing any problem with</b>
[00:27:08.320]
<b>what continues to be a grinded out, pretty good.</b>
[00:27:12.160]
<b>Inflexion in the manufacturing economy, which is not to say</b>
[00:27:15.000]
<b>that there's strength, but a pretty good inflexion.</b>
[00:27:17.760]
<b>And that usually means things like staples</b>
[00:27:21.160]
<b>and utilities, which aren't actually behaving particularly</b>
[00:27:23.920]
<b>well in this tape, are not going to be your</b>
[00:27:27.120]
<b>defensive options. Something like geared towards</b>
[00:27:30.200]
<b>that maybe durable industrial recovery, like industrials,</b>
[00:27:33.880]
<b>like transportation stocks, like machinery stocks, are going</b>
[00:27:37.080]
<b>to the better risk reward at</b>
[00:27:40.240]
<b>this juncture, right? And always think just regardless of</b>
[00:27:42.920]
<b>the market, like what you want to own within the market.</b>
[00:27:45.480]
<b>You know, it's interesting to think about if you are fearful</b>
[00:27:48.320]
<b>of a recession, one of the things that you want to do</b>
[00:27:50.640]
<b>statistically is look for stocks that have already priced</b>
[00:27:53.280]
<b>it. We just talked about technology being in the bottom</b>
[00:27:55.800]
<b>tersile of its range on relative valuation.</b>
[00:27:58.440]
<b>Software sort of is priced for its own great financial</b>
[00:28:01.120]
<b>crisis in some ways. You usually don't see a disconnect like</b>
[00:28:03.760]
<b>that other than things like a financial crisis.</b>
[00:28:07.120]
<b>And, you know, home building is like that and pockets of</b>
[00:28:10.120]
<b>industrials are like that as well, as manufacturing has been</b>
[00:28:12.680]
<b>in its own malaise for three years.</b>
[00:28:15.080]
<b>So I would say technology, industrials, and then I would say</b>
[00:28:17.960]
<b>the housing portion of consumer discretionary still is</b>
[00:28:21.520]
<b>an opportunity for me when I look at that sort of risk</b>
[00:28:24.560]
<b>reward, potentially lower interest rates over time.</b>
[00:28:28.360]
<b>As disinflation, I think continues, coupled with the fact</b>
[00:28:31.400]
<b>that I do think the housing stocks have discounted what</b>
[00:28:34.200]
<b>looks to me like a much harder landing than we might have</b>
[00:28:36.840]
<b>ultimately achieved.</b>
[00:28:37.720]
<b>Amazing okay, so top three bottom three then are</b>
[00:28:41.080]
<b>still</b>
[00:28:42.680]
<b>Energy, right, don't chase, careful chasing.</b>
[00:28:46.960]
<b>Consumer staples, for sure, which is in some</b>
[00:28:50.120]
<b>ways in the crosshairs in terms of their ability to price.</b>
[00:28:54.160]
<b>So historically speaking, they were your defence and</b>
[00:28:56.720]
<b>offence, right in the 80s.</b>
[00:28:58.080]
<b>We talk about technology being that now, right?</b>
[00:29:00.200]
<b>Technology is the consumer staples of the 80's, I think.</b>
[00:29:03.000]
<b>It's relatively unaffected from the sector perspective</b>
[00:29:06.520]
<b>versus other sectors in terms of their</b>
[00:29:09.560]
<b>ability to sell goods and have positive free cash</b>
[00:29:12.680]
<b>flow and margin.</b>
[00:29:14.000]
<b>So consumer staples, and I would also add in utilities.</b>
[00:29:17.440]
<b>So any defence gets me nervous and coupled</b>
[00:29:20.640]
<b>with energy.</b>
[00:29:21.440]
<b>And they have seen price spikes themselves over the</b>
[00:29:24.440]
<b>course of the last little while so maybe that's priced up.</b>
[00:29:27.560]
<b>Denise Chisholm, we are delighted always to speak to you.</b>
[00:29:29.520]
<b>You set us straight. Thank you for joining us here today and</b>
[00:29:31.920]
<b>have a great rest of your day.</b>
[00:29:34.040]
<b>Always great to be here. You too.</b>
[00:29:36.640]
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[00:29:40.560]
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[00:30:13.520]
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